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Thomas Paine (1737-1809) - author of "Common Sense", a pamphlet pleaing for American independence. He lived a controversial life. He was a political journaist, patriot and champion of the rights of the common man. His debate with Edmund Burke regarding the French Revolution is found in the "Rights of Man" and "Rights of Man, Part II". In trouble in England for his popularist and anti-monarchy political thinking, Paine fled to France where he had been elected to the national convention. He opposed the terror against the monarchy and aristocracy, and eventually was imprisoned in France under Robespierre.
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594) - 16th C. conservative church music composer.
Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) - Northern Italian architect, influenced western architecture for 400 years. (bio)
Paracelsus (Philipul Aureolus Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim (1493-) Renaissance extrasensory perceptionist -magician - worked as a physician, surgeon and chemist and discovered many new chemical remedies. Paracelsus preached that nature would heal a wound that was kept clean (preventing infection) and that wounds had to be left to drain freely. He was the first to preach that small doses of what makes one ill, also cures one (the basis of homeopathy). Paracelsus also united chemistry to pharmacology, devising medicines bases on certain chemicals and made a contribution to modern psychiatry. (See Catholic Encyclopedia article)
Francis Parkman (1823-1893) - American Historian (read Oregon Trail online)
Charles Steward Parnell(1846-1891) Iris nationalist. Brittish authority in Ireland after Parnell never again rested on solid ground.
Blaise Pascal (1623- 1662) - Mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher. Created the basis for the theory of probabilities, established Pascal's law of pressure, and advocated the experiencing of God through the heart as opposed to through reason. His principle of intuitionism was felt later in the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Henri Bergson and the Existentialists.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) French chemist and microbiologist responsible for saving some world industries, for proving that micro-organisms cause disease and for the first using vaccination against certain diseases (including rabies and anthrax). Pasteur originated the process we now call Pasterization..
Vallabhai Jhaverbhai Patel (1875-1950) - Outstanding Indian lawyer who abandoned Western Style and habits to support Mahatma Ghandi and India in the struggle for independence, participated in pre-independence Congresses and the first Indian government and was responsbible for the peaceful integration of princely Indian states into the new nation.
George S. Patton Jr. (speech)
Paul the Apostle - Starting life as a Jew opposed to the Christian Church, Paul (from Asia Minor) became a leading missionary and one of the Church's greatest theologians.
Linus Pauling (b. 1901) - American chemist who studied molecular structure, chemical bonding and it's relationship to the properties of matter and living organisms. His work also had a profound effect on the progress regarding understanding memory and sickled-cell anemia. Pauling was a Nobel Prize winner and crusaded for the end of nuclear testing, writing No More War.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) - Conceptualized the conditioned reflex.
Anna Pavlova - (1882-1932) - Anna Pavlova studied in the Imperial School of Ballet in St. Petersburg and early in her career became an independent dancer (leading various companies which she formed), bringing an introduction to ballet to and collecting dance techniques from remote parts of the world, while bestowing audiences world-wide with her famed for interpretations, especially of Giselle.
William Penn (1644-1718) - English quaker, religious leader, social philosopher and advocate of religious tolearnace, founded Pennsylvania to embody his principles. Pennsylvania later became a state.
Pepin The Short (Pepin III)
Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) - His diary gives a picture of social life of his day.
Pericles (495 BC - 429 BC) - The greatest statesman of Athens, built the greatest of the classic Greek buildings, brought democracy to it's height, and nearly made Athens the leader of all Greece. Pericles by Plutarch ;
Juan Peron (1895-1974) - Charismatic president of Argentina who lived in exile for many years while remaining a significant factor in his homeland's politics, was a populist-nationalist-military leader.
Eva Peron
John Joseph Pershing Pershing (2) Pershing
Perugino (Pietro Cristoforo Vannucci) (1450-1523) - Artist and teacher of Raphael, whose paintings are regarded as the epitome of the High Renaissance Art.
Philippe Petain (1856-1951) - Victor of Verdun and ended his life in solitary confinement (1945-1951) for his role in WWII after 1940, when France was under the collaborationist Vichy government.
Peter the Apostle - Disciple of Jesus, leader of the disciples of Jesus.
Peter I the Great of Russia (1672-1725) - One of Russia's greatest statesmen, organizers, and reformers.(Sourcebook)
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) (1304-1374) Poet, scholar, humanist on the border of the middle ages and the Renaissance.
Sir Flinders Petrie (1853-1942) -English archaeologist and Egyptologist, developed and applied a method of statisticl analysis using slips of papers. This method was not used again until it was computerized in the 1970's.
Petronius Arbiter - authored Satyricon, the first Europen novel.
Philip II Augustus of France
Philip IV the fair of France
Philip II of Macedonia
Philip II of Spain
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
Philip the Magnanimous, Landgrave of Hesse
Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE - 50 BC) - Philo of Alexandria produced a synthesis of the Hellenistic and Hebrew traditions influencing the future Hellenistic interpretation of messianic Hebrew thought, and may have influenced Paul, his contemporary, and perhaps the authors of the Gospel of John and the Epistle to the Hebrews. This laid the philosophical and theological foundations of today's Christianity.See Resources
Photius (9th Century) - Scholar, author and Patriarch of Constantinople that unintentionally initiated the schism which became known as the Photius schism, between Constantinople and Rome. Authored the Lexicon.
Jean Piaget
Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973) - Over a 75 year period Pablo Picasso created over 20,000 works using a diversity of styles and technique. (See also Art)
Piero della Francesca -(1420-1492) - One of the most important of Renaissance painters, took a scientific/mathematic approach to perspective and was a master of formal composition. See gallery
Jozef Klemens Pilsudski (1867 - 1935) - Revolutionary and man of action, helped create the Polish revival after World War I.
Pindar (5th C. BC) - Lyric poet of Ancient Greece. See the works of Pindar on line.
Luigi Pirandello (1867-1836) - Revolutionary innovator of 20th Century literature, winner of the 1934 Nobel Prize for Literature, and author of plays, stories, and novels. An example of Pirandello's innovation: In
Six Characters in Search of An Author, the stage itself, the symbol of appearance versus reality, becomes the setting of the play.
Nicola and Giovanni Pisano (13th to 14th Century) - Father and sib Tuscan sculptors active from 1260 - 1314, introduced art of antiquity into the mainstream of their contemporary (Medieval) art.
Camille Pissaro (1830 - 1903) - Fatherly figure of Impressionism, only his works appeared in each of the 8 Impressionist group exhibitions.
William Pitt the elder
William Pitt the younger
Pope Pius V
Pope Pius IX
Pope Pius XI
Francisco Pizarro (1475 - 1541) - Spanish conqueror of the Inca Empire of Peru.
Max Planck (1858 - 1947) - Established the Quantum Theory and defined a black body as a a body that absorb all radiation that fall upon it. His son , Erwin, was arrested and executed for his implication in the plot to assassinate Hitler (1944). (Exhibition - life, worldview, personality, etc.)
Plato (5th Century BC) - One of the three philosophers of ancient Greece responsible for the basis of philosophical thought in Western Culture.
Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov (1856-1918) - One of the founders of the first Marxist organisation in Russia See personal memoir of A. V. Lunacharsky (from Revolutionary Silhouettes) and also See/Scroll for biography
Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostev (1827-1907)- Advisor to tsars and nicknamed "Grand Inquisitor", he was a dominant figure of reactionism following the assassination of Alexander II in 1881.
Pocahontas Pocahontas0
Edgar Allan Poe - Creator of the American Gothic tale, Poe was a pioneer developer of mystery and the macabre in literature. (Read online poetry, prose, short stories)
Henri Poincare (1854 - 1912) - French mathematician, theoretical astronomer, philosopher of science and writer of prose influenced modern ideas of cosmogony, relativity, and topology. His writings on philosophical topics were widely read by peoples in all walks of life.
James Polk (1785-1849) - Eleventh President of the United States and skilled politician who managed to obtain Congressional approval for the major part of his domestic and foreign policy goals.
Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) - Leading Abstract Expressionist painter, sometimes referred to as action painting. His radical drip and pouring techniques won him widespread fame. He is recognized as a peer of the 20th-century masters of modern art. 1912- See example of typical work
Marco Polo (1254-1324) - Traveller and explorer, journeyed to Asia in the Middle Ages and published a detailed account of the things he saw and the people he met during 25 years of travel in Asia.
Marques de Pombal - 1699 - 1782 - Virtual ruler of Portugal from 1750-1777, creator of reforms but employer of despotic force.
Madame de Pompadour (1721 -1764) (Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson) - Officially recognized mistress of Louis XV, his very successful artistic all and less susccesfful political ally. (The defeats of the Seven Years' War led to Madame de Pompadour's bouts of melancholy). In general, however, she was a very valuable assistant to the King, and as such, a very influential woman.
Pompey the Great (September 29, 106 BC - 48 BC) - One of the greatest statesman and generals of his age. He was known for the thoroughness and efficiency of his military campaigns.
Alexander Pope (1688-1744) - Augustan age satirical poet, translator (of Homer) and writer of rebuttals to his literary eneimies.
Aleksandr Stepanovich Popov - Acclaimed in USSR as inventor of the radio, this Russian physicist and electrical engineer devised equipment to receive electromagnetic (wireless or radio) waves produced by giant eelectric sparks froming lightning flashes. This detector preceded the Marconi's June 1896 patent for telegraphy. (See other "Electromagnetic Personalities")
William Sydney Porter
John Wesley Powell
Samantha Power
Ezra Pound - 1885-1972 - Important poet and critic of his time, advanced the modern movement in English and American literature by promoting and sometimes helping to develop poets and writers who were or would become well-known. Pound was involved in activities abroad (see World War II broadcasts) (LISTEN 1958 BBC broadcast) that would have had him standing for trial for treason. Because he was ruled to be suffering from mental imbalance he was not actually put on trial. (Poetry Links)
Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) The son of a poor family, Poussin was inspired by the working visit of the painter Quentin Varin to his hometown of Les Andelys in 1612 and decided that he wished to be a painter as well. Considered to be the greatest French painter of the 17th Century. Except for a period of less than two years, Poussin lived and worked in Rome from the age of thirty. See gallery.
Edward C. Prescott - Won 2004 Nobel Prize for Economics with former fellow Norwegian University of Pittsburgh student, Finn E. Kydland , (in 1970's and 1980's) - for proposing that innovative technologies and shocks, like a sharp increase in oil prices, play a much greater role in causing booms and recessions than fluctuations in demand.They won the prize for two papers they wrote that contradicted Keynesian theory. Keynesian theory is based on the premise that changes in demand, esepcially consumer demand, are an important key to business cycles. According to the prize awarders, The Prescott-Kydland papers "transformed academic research in economics'' caused a deep change in the academic research related to economics and the consequent economic policy making.
William Hickling Prescott (1796 - 1859) - The United States historian who wrote dramatic narratives of the Spanish conquests of Mexico and Peru. His contribution to historical literature was recognized throughout the world .
See online versions - History of the Conquest of Peru & History of the Conquest of Mexico
Joseph Priestley - One of the discoverer's of Oxygen, Priestley was a prolific writer on many subjects and an innovative teacher of Schience. He believed that human progress would be the result of political and religious freedom and the application of science.
Marcel Proust (1871- 1922) - His novel Rememberance of Things Past is thought to be one of the greatest achievements of world literature. Read Proust online in French. See also: Proust in English trans. online.
Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) - celebrated astronomer, geographer (map) and mathematician. Little is known about his life (2nd Century A.D. on basis of his astronomical observations). His idea of an earth-centered universe was the basis for astronomical thinking for the next 13 centuries.
Ptolemy I Soter (~367 BC - ~283) - Friend of Alexander the Great, Macedonian, became King of Egypt.
Ptolemy II Philadelphus - Son of Ptolemy I, diplomat, patron of the arts and establisher of Hellenistic divine cult of the living ruler in Egypt.
Giacomo Puccini - Composed mostly operas and wrote the only Italian operas written in the Impressionistic music technique. His operas include La Boheme (1896), Tosca (1900), Madama Butterfly (1904) and Turandot (1926)
Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694)German publicist and jurist. His treatment of natural law is reflected in the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence.
Henry Purcell - (1659-1695) Original English composer of stage, vocal, instrumental and keyboard works who learned from the past as well as from his contemporaries. He was also one of the most original composers in Europe of his time (during an unfortunately short composing career of about 15 years).
Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) - Greatest Russian poet and founder of Russia's modern literature. His use of language was at once simple and profound, a combined quality emulated by Turgenev, Goncharov and Tolstoy. See Pushkin online
John Pym (~1583 - 1643) - Statesman and architect of Parliament's victory over Charles I in the Civil War (1642-46) laid the basis for the sovereignty of Parliament that is in force until this day.
Pythogoras of Samos - Because he belonged to a secret society, little of Pythogaras achievements in mathematics are written down. He was a pure mathematician and an important figure in the field of mathematics.
Q-R-
Yitzhak Rabin - 1922 - 1995
1922 - 1995 - Born in Jerusalem, Palmach volunteer, Chief of Staff of the Israeli Army, Israeli Ambassador to the USA, Knesset Member, Minister of Labor (Meir Government), Prime Minister, ordered the Entebbe Operation, Opposition MK, Minister of Defense, Opposition MK, Prime Minister. Signer of Important Peace documents, a fighter for peace and an end to violence, winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace with Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres, Rabin was assassinated in 1995.
Christopher Reeve - Christopher Reeve was famous in the cinema for his portrayal of Superman, his wonderful good looks, his acting and directing both before and after a horsebackriding fall caused him total paralysis which he never stopped trying to overcome, not only for himself, but for others who would suffer this terrible hardship well after him. He spoke out for stem-cell research and other potential treatments and was 52 when he passed away (October 11, 2004).
Rennert Links
Ronald Regan
Walter Reuther00
Edward Rickenbacker
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt (First Lady)
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt - Time - Person of the Century
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt(2)
Pete Rozelle
Salman Rushdie Salman Rushdie Salman Rushdie
Babe Ruth
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Andre Sakharov (1921-1989)
A spokesman for the conscience of mankind. Loved physics and cosmology, but first spent twenty years designing nuclear weapons.
Margaret Sanger
Margaret Sanger
David Sarnoff - When General Electric formed RCA to absorb the Marconi family assets, David Sarnoff was one of them.
Nancy Scheper-Hughes -
Anthropologist - working class immigrant family, formed by the turbulant 60's- Served in Peace Corps and joined the civil rights movement -
Arthur Schlesinger Arthur Schlesinger Arthur Schlesinger
William Shakespeare- Captureing Shakespear in Art
William Shakespeare (an unusual bio)
Doron Shefer (Hebrew) (completely different article in English)
This article about Doron Shefer describes a television program I was privileged to see some of last night. Beautifully done, it describes his relationships, mysticism, travels to India, South America, US etc., fight to rehabilitate himself after losing weight to travel and cancer, his unconventional and then conventional fight with cancer, etc. The documentary was something of a visual and thoughtful poem. I hope the rest of the world gets to see it with subtitles someday.
Shima Iwashita (Actress) and Masahiro Shinoda
Wole Soyinka Wole Soyinka Wole Soyinka
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
David Storey
Igor Stravinsky
Lawrence Stark, M.D. - Conversation with (Optometry, Engineering)
Harriet Beecher Stowe (dedication to her work)
Anne Sullivan
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Mother Teresa - Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu
Margaret Thatcher
Charles H. Townes - Conversation with
Juan Trippe
Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman
King Tut
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Unknown Rebel in the Tiananen Square - June 5 1989
Jules Verne (writer)
Gore Vidal Gore Vidal Bibliography Gore Vidal Biography
W-X-Y-
Richard Wagner (composer)
Lech Walesa
Sam Walton
Booker T. Washington (Founder of the Tuskegee Institute)
Kurt Weil
Phillis Wheatley
James Whistler
Barry White
Heather
Woodbury (NYtimes, Aug 31 2003)
Heather
Woodbury - Yale publicity
Oprah Winfrey
Brings compassion and intimacy to the talk show format.
Frank Lloyd Wright Org
Wilbur & Orville Wright
Chuck Yeager
First man to fly faster than the speed of sound
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Mao Zedong
Ferdinand von Zeppelin
Vladimir Zworykin
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